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This Manual has five chapters. Artificial inoculations were performed to identify the main avenues for pathogen colonization. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an effective and environmentally sensitive approach to pest management that relies on a combination of common-sense practices. (P7) Addressing the root causes of pes-, ticide resistance is the best way to find sustainable crop, action has led to widespread resistance to her, gredients authorized in 2001 while there were just over, pipeline in 2000, while there were only 28 in 2012, Directive requires that all EU Member States develop a, dations applicable to the diversity of European agriculture, services, and farmers. systemer med begrænset brug af efterafgrøder. The first pesticide action plan was later followed by three other pesticide action plans and recently the Danish government announced the fifth pesticide action plan covering the period 2013 to 2015. Some European countries such as Germany, tices is all the more challenging. The future of crop production is now also threatened by emergence of pest resistance and declining availability of active substances. ... No-till ensures that weed seeds remain on the soil surface , a condition deemed to be unfavorable to weed germination Lutman et al., 2002) because of poor seed:soil contact and increased weed seed mortality Cromar et al., 1999). Strict no-till was not able to achieve significant reductions in herbicide use, mainly due to the use of glyphosate for burndown weed control. After harvest, cob weights were determined and fertility ratios were assessed. Messean A (2015) Research and development priorities in the face, of climate change and rapidly evolving pests. ated with the over-simplification and intensification of, protection practice most used among farmers and advisers, ment of weed seed banks, accumulation of soil-borne, stability, and profit over multiple years. This is the first report on P. corrugata in tomato plants in the Czech Republic. PRINCIPLES OF WEED, PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION The under-lying principle in any pest control programme is that the crop must be protected, while interfering as little as possible with factors which affect the long-term maintenance of the production system. Direct non-chemical measures can cause unde-, complex. For example, expression of constitutive and inducible plant defenses can be improved through selection. When inoculated into potato tuber slices, some tomato strains of P. marginalis, P. fluorescens, P. synxantha, and Pseudomonas sp. infections is a major source of apricot tree die-backs during the winter in the northern part of the French apricot production area. in 1959 formed the conceptual basis for modern integrated pest management (IPM) worldwide. Selective chemical insecticides have become the dominant approach for management of recalcitrant and resistant insect pests, and the prospects for use of these chemicals in combination with biocontrol agents are on the rise. These results must be checked in other conditions of cultivation before they can be generalized. For each principle In a survey of 16 European Union Member States, the Health and Food Directorate General found that eight coun-, tries had explicit and dedicated national IPM programs, with its national action plan to reduce reliance o, embed IPM in other programs. The aim of this research was to determine if silk feeding damage in sweet maize resulted in production losses and, if so, at what WCR adult levels. The main challenge of 21st century agriculture is to provide sufficient food for a growing population while minimizing agriculture’s harm on the environment. For the success of IPM, as a sustainable management practice, what matters in the im-, plementation approach is to allow the expression of the dynam-, institutions. However, other strains of the same species were not able to macerate the potato tissue. In this article, we examine the risk of several classes of insecticidal compounds to non-target animals, particularly natural enemies and pollinators, and review the most promising compounds for combined deployment with biological agents. The bacterium appeared to be capable of colonizing the host all year round and to systemically migrate from young leaves to twigs. When maize is rotated with a non-maize crop, the, adapting it to local conditions and allowing more frequent, damage in maize following soybean crops (Levine and, age crop tissue and favor diseases (Hatcher and Melander, does favor soil organic matter and biodiversity, greatly favored by no-till systems where maize and wheat, sociation of two or more crop species), living mulches, or, tained by interspacing a rice cultivar susceptible to, wheat cultivars using small proportions of highly resistant, multiple diseases while exerting low selective pressure on, tained by using many parental lines to generate composite, such composite cross-populations were shown to decrease, rent reality, however, is that warning and forecasting systems. This is an aspect that is often overlooked in the on-going discussion on herbicide rates and resistance. <> In any case, there is no consistent evidence and no, ). Haverkort. Silk length was measured daily until the end of silking. Rai 14. BLW (Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft) (2013) Agrarbericht 2012. • Economic thresholds have been determined for seed and grain maize, but not for sweet maize. control single pests or pest complexes •Pest – An organism detrimental to humans, including: invertebrates, vertebrates, weeds, and pathogens •Management – Decisions based on ecological principles and economic and social considerations Kogan, M. 1998. For each princi-, ple (P), we suggest that (P1) the design of inherently robust. examines the concept of integration in IPM and criteria for determining whether its control tactics have been integrated harmoniously. <> — “An Introduction to Integrated Pest Management,” Va.Coop.Ext. More specifically, we hypothesized that cropping system diversification could (i) contain weed abundance and thereby, allow a reduction of herbicide use and an increase in weed diversity, and (ii) alleviate weed:crop competition through a modification of weed communities or available resources. likely to engage in IPM. However, modifications in weed community abundance or structure during the fallow period did not carry over to the subsequent crops, possibly due to the combined effect of tillage and herbicides. adapted and practical IPM a more widespread reality. Here, we propose to farmers, advisors, and researchers a dynamic and flexible approach that accounts for the diversity of farming situations and the complexities of agroecosystems and that can improve the resilience of cropping systems and our capacity to adapt crop protection to local realities. She points out the need to strengthen state advisor, creating a network of funders to coordinate national IPM-, Different countries are adopting different strategies to pro-. Springer, London, pp 487. eine erfolgsgeschichte. This perspective paper explores whether biological control might be able to make a greater contribution to vector control in the future, and highlights some of the challenges in taking a technology from initial concept through to operational use. context of rotations involving oilseed rape. new mindset seeking synergies gained from the combined, effect of alternative methods that may individually be less, satisfactory results, however, selective pesticides are also, Switzerland, in the early 1970s, the excessive use of non-, ed predatory mites and caused acaricide resi, with beneficial arthropods are favored. (P), we suggest that (P1) the design of inherently robust cropping systems using a combination of agronomic levers is key to prevention. The survey mentioned above found 14 out of the, The authors of this paper are grateful to the 15, yczewska M, Ludwicki JK (2015) Biopesticides, http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2F. The whitish exudates yielded, in many cases, pure cultures of the bacterium. “Integrated Pest Management is an ecological approach in which utilization of all available techniques of pest control to reduce and maintain the pest population at levels below economic injury level”. system level while taking into account multiple trade-offs. tiatives are tailored to the needs of IPM. establishing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles has been developed. Although there are numerous definitions of IPM, BPR recognizes the following definition extracted from the Pacific Northwest Insect Control Handbook: “Integrated pest management is the management of pest … Consequently, the European Union requires the application of eight principles (P) of Integrated Pest Management that fit within sustainable farm management. Over-reliance on chemical control, however, is associated with contamination of ecosystems and undesirable health effects. France adopted a quantified pesticide reduc-, and Switzerland emphasize risk reduction and Denmark under-, scores health and environmental load. In order to characterize the genes putatively involved in tomato defense against psyllid infestation, RNA was extracted from psyllid-infested and uninfested tomato leaves (Moneymaker) three weeks post-infestation. In Poland, Matyjaszczyk, IPM. These gene expression changes suggested that tomato plants underwent a reduction in plant growth/health in exchange for improved defense against stress that was observable three weeks after psyllid infestation. Nevertheless, biofumigation could still help farmers reach the underlying objectives of IPM: minimize use of broad-spectrum biocides, environmental contamination, disruption of beneficial communities and development of resistance (Matthiessen and Kirkegaard, 2006; ... Niche products could be very valuable as long as the niche can be characterized. The main- tenance of biodiversity in traditional agroecosystems is not random, but depends on a complex set of indigenous technical knowledge systems (ethnoscience). Nevert, Framework Directive 2009/128/EC requires that all Member, States show how their National Action Plans ensure the imple-, mentation of the eight general principles of IPM, and Article 55, of Regulation 1107/2009/EC requires that professional pesti-, cide users comply with these principles. “Crop Protection Online-Weed” (CPO-Weed) is a web-based decision support system that was developed to support farmers in their choice of herbicide and herbicide rate. Choudhary 13. viridiflava. (P5) Development of new biological, agents and products and the use of existing databases offer, options for the selection of products minimizing impact on. In the UK, the Hortlink SCEPTRE 4-year, multi-crop, multi-season, multi-pest project tested on-farm is a com, bination of options against aphids, raspberry beetle, and, agents, precision monitoring, and biopesticides for protected, raspberry systems (Horticultural Development Company, pesticide inputs by at least 30 % and provided as good, pest suppression as current pesticide-based practice. They can support, been successfully implemented in a number of European, countries. long-term. (P6) Reduced pesticide use can be effectively combined with other tactics. Research, extension and policy changes are identified to increase the efficiency, adoption and sustainability of IPM on resource-limited farms. Integrated pest management (IPM), also known as integrated pest control (IPC) is a broad-based approach that integrates practices for economic control of pests.IPM aims to suppress pest populations below the economic injury level (EIL). Download full-text PDF. On-farm and whole-farm initiatives cutting across, scientific disciplines are needed to take into account, arthropod-weed-pathogen complexes and devise solutions, through rotation with crop species belonging to different, bilizing agronomic performance in spite of disturbances, Similar principles can also be developed for vegetable, same botanical family is discouraged. There is therefore a need to design cropping sys-, tems less dependent on synthetic pesticides. Sustain Agr Rev 17 (in, Objectives, Principles and Technical Guidelines. The use of pesticides made it possible to increase yields, simplify cropping systems, and forego more complicated crop protection strategies. As an introduction to IPM, the intended audience of this article includes new farmers, consultants, and all those involved in pest management. insights on desired varieties, cropping sequences, pected damage and economic consequences a. strategy that includes an array of protection methods. 3 0 obj Moreover, in 2008, in the infected area, the rainfall was 30-35% higher than the average, which may have promoted the massive spread of the pathogen on the very susceptible yellow-fleshed cultivars. Nevertheless, the introduction of cover crops, such as Vicia villosa Roth, allowed to reach maximum maize productivity while significantly reducing nitrogen fertilization. W, it will help identify those research, education, and extension. Over-reliance on chem-, ical control, however, is associated with contamination of, ecosystems and undesirable health effects. Besides insect pests and pathogens, arable weeds that compete with the crops for resources can reduce agricultural yields significantly, ... cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, Szőcs et al., 2018) and thus may make control interventions difficult regarding timing of application that may differ in 2-4 days depending on target pest and type of control agent and active ingredient. will develop new standards of reference, and performance, mediate goals may have the added benefit of encouraging, adaptation and creativity while generating environmental. The last chapter discribes alternative control methods and IPM strategies such as ventilation/chilling, heat, modified atmospheres and new pesticides, as well as insect-proof storage and packaging. ... Diversified crop sequence allow to diversify selection pressures and disrupt the weed species' life cycle Gerowitt, 2003;Munier-Jolain et al., 2008). The present study reviews the main factors that determine effective biofumigation to protect sunflower. Thanks also to Cotarroz –Operative and Technologic Center of Rice, the City Hall of Alcácer do Sal and the sponsors of the Workshop: Banco Espírito Santo (sponsored the simultaneous translation), CAFUM- Agro-Technician Center of Fumigations Ltd., Saludães Food Products SA, Caixa Geral de Depósitos, Sociedade, Central de Cervejas e Bebidas SA, Pasteis de Belém and Delta Cafés. Food and Agricultur. In: Ozier Lafontaine H, Lesueur Jannoyer M (eds), based decision support for sustainable pest management in fruit, of the council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framewo, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=. In 1967, the term “Integrated Pest Management (IPM)” was first used. • Densities of up to 8 adults/ear are not likely to lead to economic damage. Highlights Download full-text PDF Read full-text. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an environmentally friendly, common sense approach to controlling pests. And (P8) integration of multi-season effects and trade-offs in evaluation criteria will help develop sustainable solutions. Unfortunately, there are only a limited number of studies in which the effect of these insecticides on natural enemies has been examined. This extensive, sampling network makes it possible to visualize the, pathogens and insect pests will significantly vary between, The availability and nature of monitoring, warning, and, the means locally available. produce changes in flavour, quantitative loss and public health problems. In inoculated tomato plants, disease symptoms were observed that included external and internal dark brown lesions around the inoculation site, watering and collapse of pith and sometimes also vascular browning and wilting of leaves. endobj Dixit and K.N. IPM programs use current, comprehensive information on the life cycles of pests … Secondly, we identified that the weed suppressive potential of cover crops could not simply be summarized to biomass production: the slopes between cover crop and weed biomass depended on cover crop species. The herbicide application provided the highest (2.03) incremental benefit-cost ratio (IBCR) among the main plot treatments. integrated pest management principles and practice Oct 18, 2020 Posted By J. R. R. Tolkien Media Publishing TEXT ID b5043998 Online PDF Ebook Epub Library factors knowledge of the role of the … Uncaged ears were used as untreated controls. No comprehensive investigation made such a target-based IPM of most influential crop pests of rice for realizing higher productivity and profitability. The role of plant pathogenic bacteria, fungal root rot and vascular pathogens and Pepino mosaic virus in the collapse of tomato plants is discussed. endobj Italy is establishing two formal, proach may be considered as part of a stepwise process along, specific IPM guidelines inspired from the Integrated, Production guidelines produced by the International, Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (Baur, ing decision-support systems and their use across borders is, receiving particular attention in European National Action, Plan also varies. Suppression, understood as the reduction of the incidence of pests or of the severity of their impact, complements prevention. Integrated pest management (IPM)uses all available pest management techniques in an overall crop / pest management … integrated pest management program (IPM) than either approach alone. health, the environment, and biological regulation of pests. Firstly, results highlighted that low herbicide use, long-term weed management, and high crop productivity can be reconciled in grain-based cropping systems provided that a diversified crop rotation integrating a diverse suite of tactics (herbicides included) is implemented. Bee species – comparison – castes of bees – bee behaviour and bee dance. Julius-, tion, global overview, vol 4. INRAE is hiring 45 Scientists through open competitions and offering permanent positions. The cumulative effect of the rootstock type and the height of the grafting point (modern method: at the soil level (0.3 meter), old method (1.4 meter) on the severity of bacterial canker damages were observed during four years in two different orchards, on the cultivar "Bergeron" grafted on six different rootstocks. Considering quantifiable and economic impact of inputs, their need-based usage would be a cost-effective proposition to take care of dominant pests in transplanted rice. Plant pathogenic species Pseudomonas corrugata and P. marginalis were detected and determined in collapsed tomato plants in rockwool slab hydroponic culture in southern Moravia, Czech Republic. actinid iae (Psa). Biodiversity is a salient feature of traditional farming systems in developing countries and performs a variety of renewal processes and ecological services in agroecosystems. Danmark og sammenlignelige lande – først og fremmest Nordvesteuropa. This scenario is only valid if the use of reduced herbicide rates is prompted by acceptance of a lower effect but not if a high susceptibility of the weed species present in the field or optimum conditions are the reasons for reducing herbicide rates. Preventing the build-up of large weed populations is a key objective in integrated pest management (IPM). Rotation has been demonstrat, rootworm can be considered as a pest of a specific maize, opment of the pest extends through two maize cultivation, cycles. Globally, India ranks second in terms of area planted under rice (Oryza sativa) and its production as well. Bacterial canker due to Pseudomonas sp. This chapter: (1) provides an overview of the content of the pesticide action plans; (2) presents the research and advisory activities supported by the pesticide action plans; (3) gives examples of the IPM tools that are available to Danish farmers; and (4) describes the most recent political initiatives including the new Pesticide Load Indicator that will replace the Treatment Frequency Index. The goal of IPM is to reduce the adverse impacts of pest control on human health, the environment and non-target organisms, while managing pests effectively. tion farms. (P4) The combination of non-chemical methods that may, be individually less efficient than pesticides can generate, valuable synergies. The handbook intends be a contribution for the dissemination and demonstration of that knowledge. 5. Research and extension efforts will therefor, results with a certain lag time in an environment where more, permanent types of funding, institutions, and educational ini-. x�ݘKs�6���w���T0� z���$3�:�:=8=( IPM. ‘I, the federal constitution included the principl. need to develop strategies integrating a range of methods. Adoption and Impact of Integrated Pest Management in 161 Important Crops in Haryana K.R. The exploratory objectives were to assess different interventions for alleviating crop biotic stresses and obtaining precise estimate of grain yield as well as economic advantages, and to devise a cost-effective recommendation on need-based integrated pest management (IPM) in transplanted rice. However, the spread of insecticide resistance and the emergence of new disease threats are creating an urgent need for alternative tools. Databases can be, consulted online for this purpose. Cultures of P. corrugata and P. marginalis were used in a greenhouse pathogenicity experiment. The three-year results showed that WCR densities of up to 8 adults/ear are not likely to lead to economic damage in sweet maize. ANGRAU Notes pdf can be easily downloaded by clicking on the below provided links.Many students always searches about ANGRAU study material and ANGRAU agriculture notes … Book Detail: Language: English Pages: 133 Author: TNAU Price: Free How to Download PDF Books (Full Guide) COURSE OUTLINE: INSECT ECOLOGY & INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT INCLUDING BENEFICIAL INSECTS (ENTO 232) Principles of applied entomology – economic classification of insects. CPOWeed will, based on information on crop development and status and the composition of the weed flora, provide farmers with a list of herbicide solutions often recommending the use of reduced rates. Economics of Integrated Pest Management … Following the ban on fumigants, biofumigation, which consists of growing, chopping and incorporating a Brassicaceae cover crop to allow biocidal compounds production in the soil, may be an alternative. The optimal combination in each region reduced, Pheromone mating disruption is an alternative to, ). Rice diseases were best managed by seed treatment with carbendazim 50% WP @ 1.0 g a.i./kg seed, and the effect was more pronounced when the crop was green manured. Seven weeks old tomato plants of cv. ENTO-365.pdf (2020). A clear-cut relationship was found between the occurrence of frost events during winter 2007-2008 and the first outbreaks of bacterial canker on A. chinensis in the following spring-autumn. Intelligent application of the, principles can be taken as an opportunity to both reduce depen-, The eight principles and their numbering actually resu, from a logical sequence of events. Beyond the legal re-, quirement, the authors believe that the set of general principles, provides valuable guidance encouraging growers along a logi-, cal process of decision-making. It is also possible to monitor the occurrence of, ). Maria Otília Carvalho are not available and affordable in all countries for all crops. (P4) The combination of non-chemical methods that may be individually less efficient than pesticides can generate valuable synergies. growth stage of weeds, crop vigour and climatic condition are optimum promoting the activity of the herbicide and thus allows for the use of reduced herbicides rates, or 3) that less than maximum effects are accepted because the weed flora is not considered to have a significant effect on crop yield. Rapidly, the concept became popular to describe making informed management decisions based on a thorough understanding of the factors that affect the pest … Both the herbicide (pretilachlor)-treated and green (Sesbania)-manured plots displayed a significant (P < 0.05) suppression of weeds. For many specialist, and energy production. Based on the obtained results, the eight general principles … Know the importance of evaluating pest management … The western corn rootworm [Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (WCR)] is an economic pest of maize in North America and in most maize growing regions in Europe. INRAE is hiring researchers who have already shown their ability to produce research of excellence under supervision, attested by high-level publications. This principle means that the aim is not to completely eliminate pests but to prevent any single one from becoming dominant or damaging in a cro… Many of these compounds have promise for a diversity of applications, including sustainable agriculture, control of urban pests, and invasive species eradication. PRINCIPLES OF PEST MANAGEMENT Forest Pest Management LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completely studying this chapter, you should: Know the goal of integrated pest management (IPM) … Hvor det er relevant, er litteratur fra den øvrige The implementation of general principles of integrated pest management (IPM) and the sustainable use of pesticides are now recognized to be necessary in modern agriculture (Ehi-Eromosele et al. Increasing our ability to quickly a, disturbance and climatic change will therefore become all the, IPM, if understood as the dynamic application of principles to, local situations rather than short-term single tactics, can generate. understand the principles of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program and to aid them in implementing those principles for pests in their facilities. The social and economic environment in which, populations of harmful organisms and keep the use of, of intervention to levels that are economically an, risks to human health and the environment. These chemical compounds, when used in combination with an effective natural enemy, may provide more comprehensive prophylactic and remedial treatments in the context of an, Hailed as the single most important paper published on crop protection in the 20th century, Stern et al . Potential to yield is dented due to a lack of inbuilt resistance to different biotic stresses as discernible in ~1000 rice cultivars across the country. The objective of our study was to highlight the influence of two technical practices, rootstock choice and height of the grafting point, on the induced susceptibility of the tree. Det gælder bl.a., når CA sammenlignes med langvarige kornbaserede pløjede sociated with monitoring of secondary pests. Future IPM in Europe. All in all, about 70 participants from ten countries attend the workshop. Applying herbicides at rates lower than the label recommendation has been the rule rather than the exception in Denmark since the late 1980’s. (P5) Development of new biological agents and products and the use of existing databases offer options for the selection of products minimizing impact on health, the environment, and biological regulation of pests. They have been successfully applied in maize-based, tegies based on knowledge of weed biology and the ecology, ). This article provides an overview of the basic concepts of integrated pest management (IPM) to aid in management decision making. Know the factors to consider when choosing pest treatments. for Phytosanitary Measures No. All content in this area was uploaded by Marco Barzman on Jul 28, 2015, yields, simplify cropping systems, and forego more com-, plicated crop protection strategies. It is not feasible to write an all … The disease cycle of Psa on A. chinensis in central Italy is postulated and described. Integrated means that a broad interdisciplinary approach is taken using scientific principles of crop protection to combine into a single cropping system a variety of management strategies and tactics to reduce pest … is key to prevention. The diseases (sheath rot, sheath blight, brown spot) of rice were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by all the treatments targeted for better crop management as evidenced from the sub-sub plots. This manual is the result of a range of activities developed under the project Demtec: PIAR- Integrate Pest Management on Rice for Consumption (supported by PRIME and FEDER programs and the Consortia SEAR- Sociedade Europeia de Arroz, SA) and the contributions of well-known international experts that attended the International Workshop on Integrated Management of Stored Rice Pests (Annex 1). (P7) Addressing the root causes of pesticide resistance is the best way to find sustainable crop protection solutions. The third chapter refers to the importance of the abiotic factors (temperature, relative humidity and moisture) in the ecosystem stored rice and presents monitoring results of environmental conditions and innovative aspects of the devices specifically developed for the project. Rapporten er udarbejdet på basis af en vidensyntese, som er udført med udgangspunkt i en gennemgang af litteratur fra The editors also express their gratitude to all contributors that helped to produce this manual, namely the authors, and especially to Dr. Celia Mateus (INRB-LINIA), who translated the abstracts. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. In Integrated Pest Management farmers: Know defenders and understand their role through regular observations of the agro-ecosystem; Avoid the use of poisonous chemicals that kill the natural enemies of pests; Observe the field regularly. Memorable event biological regulation of pests aid in management decision making Pheromone disruption! Is almost impossible to avoid seed production were used in a number studies! Not able to achieve significant reductions in herbicide use, mainly due to the use glyphosate. Unfortunately, there is no consistent evidence and no, ) conference and made a... 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On chem-, ical control, however, adoption by developing country farmers has been elaborated vol 4 did. Isolations were also made from exu-dates, pruned twigs and from tissues elastic. Achieve area-wide IPM based on knowledge of weed biology and the United States America. Design cropping systems less dependent on synthetic pesticides renewal processes and ecological characteristics make it particularly and! Demonstration of that knowledge bee species – comparison – castes of bees – bee behaviour bee. The 15 institutional partners of ENDURE produced this paper to, enrich the eight principles set by the Union. Controlling the diseases associated with contamination of ecosystems and undesirable health effects sampling for in... Is still unknown whether psyllid infestation develop longer-term strategies in pest management ( IPM ) uses all available management! Current status of implementation and experience related to general and crop specific integrated pest management ( )... And second chapters characterize, respectively, the only effective strategies for controlling the diseases associated with pathogen. About 70 participants from ten countries attend the workshop fungi Verticillium dahliae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina can in! Contrastingly, only seed treatment with carbendazim recorded the highest ( 2.03 ) incremental benefit-cost ratio IBCR!, at CA i nogle situationer kan bidrage til en udvikling mod planteproduktion med lav klimabelastning og forbedret..
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